ABSTRACT
Nitrofurantoin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic that affects both Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin exhibits bacteriostatic or bactericidaleffects by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein and cell wall synthesis. Nanocrystals ofNFT were prepared by Cold High Pressure Homogenization Technique. NFT was dispersed inaqueous surfactant solution containing Poloxamer 188, PVPK 30 and HPMC E3 undercontinuous stirring. Poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant for the preparation of the NCsFormulation NC9B3 have mean particle size 231 ± 9nm with Polydispersity index 0.09 ± 0.02which indicates very narrow particle size distribution. % Entrapment efficiency was 98.3± 0.7Slow drug release profile indicates the homogeneous dispersion of NFT in lipid matrix. NCshave crystalline nature with rough surfaces which has been confirmed using SEM analysis.XRPD spectra show the reduction in crystalline behaviour of the drug and the lipid afterformation of the NCs. There was no significant change in the mean particle size andPolydispersity index after 6 month storage at 25°C/60% RH
ABSTRACT
Although currently available vaccines represent an outstanding success story in past few years and it is clear that improvements in vaccine delivery and introduction of new vaccines are required. Vaccine delivery improvements may include the use of novel routes of delivery including intradermal, intranasal, tanscutaneous, and needle free delivery. Intradermal delivery includes delivery of vaccine to the dermis or epidermis for enhancement of immunogenicity. Needle free delivery present lowest risk of needle stick injury and transmission of blood borne pathogen through needle and increase compliance. This review represents the different delivery system, characteristics and advancement in the field of vaccine drug delivery.